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<p>The extensive use of antibiotics in dairy farming has raised significant concerns regarding the potential presence of their residues in milk. This poses serious health risks, including allergic reactions and the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The study is aimed at the quantification of antibiotic residues, specifically oxytetracycline, penicillin G, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline, in raw cow milk collected from Adama, Ethiopia. A multiresidue LC-MS/MS analytical method was optimized and validated according to the standards set by the European Commission (EU 2021/808). Sample preparation was performed by solvent extraction that contains McIlvaine buffer (pH = 4) followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) that utilized Oasis® Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) cartridges as well as extracting the antibiotic residues by methanol. Excellent performance characteristics of the method were demonstrated in terms of recovery rates and calibration linearity within the range from 0 to 250&#xa0;μg/kg concentration. A total of 162 raw milk samples randomly collected from intensively and semi-intensively managed dairy farms in Adama, Ethiopia, were analyzed, with 8% of them testing positive above the decision limit for residues. Notably, penicillin G and oxytetracycline were detected in 5.6% and 2.5% of the samples, respectively. The concentrations found range from 13.15 to 142.38&#xa0;μg/kg, which exceed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by EU Commission Regulation no. 37/2010 standards in several samples. The results raised public health concerns, especially with milk samples exceeding MRLs permitted. This is due to the potential health risks earlier highlighted. Therefore, the study findings necessitate the need for strict enforcement of regulatory frameworks and improved veterinary antibiotic use practices. Such measures will mitigate risks to public health and ensure food safety. Moreover, ongoing monitoring and consumer education are essential to effectively address the antibiotic residue issue.</p>

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Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Detection of Penicillin G, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, and Sulfadiazine Residues in Raw Cow Milk From Adama, Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • Bizuayehu Belete,
  • Belachew Bacha,
  • Ariaya Hymete,
  • Ayenew Ashenef

摘要

The extensive use of antibiotics in dairy farming has raised significant concerns regarding the potential presence of their residues in milk. This poses serious health risks, including allergic reactions and the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The study is aimed at the quantification of antibiotic residues, specifically oxytetracycline, penicillin G, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline, in raw cow milk collected from Adama, Ethiopia. A multiresidue LC-MS/MS analytical method was optimized and validated according to the standards set by the European Commission (EU 2021/808). Sample preparation was performed by solvent extraction that contains McIlvaine buffer (pH = 4) followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) that utilized Oasis® Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) cartridges as well as extracting the antibiotic residues by methanol. Excellent performance characteristics of the method were demonstrated in terms of recovery rates and calibration linearity within the range from 0 to 250 μg/kg concentration. A total of 162 raw milk samples randomly collected from intensively and semi-intensively managed dairy farms in Adama, Ethiopia, were analyzed, with 8% of them testing positive above the decision limit for residues. Notably, penicillin G and oxytetracycline were detected in 5.6% and 2.5% of the samples, respectively. The concentrations found range from 13.15 to 142.38 μg/kg, which exceed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by EU Commission Regulation no. 37/2010 standards in several samples. The results raised public health concerns, especially with milk samples exceeding MRLs permitted. This is due to the potential health risks earlier highlighted. Therefore, the study findings necessitate the need for strict enforcement of regulatory frameworks and improved veterinary antibiotic use practices. Such measures will mitigate risks to public health and ensure food safety. Moreover, ongoing monitoring and consumer education are essential to effectively address the antibiotic residue issue.