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<p>Olive pomace (OP), by-product of olive oil extraction, consists of residual pulp, skin, and seeds, rich in bioactive compounds. OP represents a valuable yet underutilized resource. This study aims to optimize the extraction of polyphenols (total phenolic compounds, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids), and the evaluation of antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity) from OP. The optimization study was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD), using for the first time the Ultra-Turrax-assisted homogenization, to enhance the extraction efficiency from OP. The three independent variables selected were solvent concentration (<i>X</i><sub>1</sub>: 40; 60; and 80%), extraction time (<i>X</i><sub>2</sub>: 2; 10; and 20&#xa0;min), and extraction speed (<i>X</i><sub>3</sub>: 1; 3; and 5 (rpm)). The results revealed that all developed models regarding phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, through experimental design, expressed high levels of significance (<i>p</i>-value &gt; 0.05) with good concordance between predicted and experimental data (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9980–0.9884). The optimal conditions for phenolic extraction and antioxidant activity were achieved using 61.20% ethanol, 15.82&#xa0;min, and a stirring speed of level 3. Under these conditions, the obtained contents for total phenolic compounds, ortho-diphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were 60.28&#xa0;g GAE/kg, 39.82&#xa0;g GAE/kg, 20.95&#xa0;g CE/kg, and 78.02%, respectively. Moreover, the predicted optimal conditions were experimentally validated. These results indicate the great potential of OP as a source of bioactive compounds, with potential uses in several industrial applications.</p>

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Ultra-Turrax Homogenization–Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Olive Pomace Using Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Lynda Guerboub,
  • Ouahiba Soufi-Maddi,
  • Linda Ouldsaadi,
  • Mostapha Bachir bey,
  • Lamia Medouni-Haroune,
  • Khodir Madani,
  • Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf

摘要

Olive pomace (OP), by-product of olive oil extraction, consists of residual pulp, skin, and seeds, rich in bioactive compounds. OP represents a valuable yet underutilized resource. This study aims to optimize the extraction of polyphenols (total phenolic compounds, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids), and the evaluation of antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity) from OP. The optimization study was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD), using for the first time the Ultra-Turrax-assisted homogenization, to enhance the extraction efficiency from OP. The three independent variables selected were solvent concentration (X1: 40; 60; and 80%), extraction time (X2: 2; 10; and 20 min), and extraction speed (X3: 1; 3; and 5 (rpm)). The results revealed that all developed models regarding phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, through experimental design, expressed high levels of significance (p-value > 0.05) with good concordance between predicted and experimental data (R2 = 0.9980–0.9884). The optimal conditions for phenolic extraction and antioxidant activity were achieved using 61.20% ethanol, 15.82 min, and a stirring speed of level 3. Under these conditions, the obtained contents for total phenolic compounds, ortho-diphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were 60.28 g GAE/kg, 39.82 g GAE/kg, 20.95 g CE/kg, and 78.02%, respectively. Moreover, the predicted optimal conditions were experimentally validated. These results indicate the great potential of OP as a source of bioactive compounds, with potential uses in several industrial applications.