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<p>In this research, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of flupyradifurone (FLU) and its three principal metabolites (difluoroethylamino-furanone (DFEAF), 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA), and difluoroacetic acid (DFA)) in animal-derived food matrices was established based on the QuEChERS and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A low sample injection volume (3 µL) and dilution strategy were applied, without the use of isotope internal standards or matrix-matched calibration curves to compensate for the matrix effects. Recoveries for all matrix-matched samples at three spiked levels (<i>n</i> = 6) were ranged from 69.9% to 114.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.8%–10.4%. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (correlation coefficients <i>R</i> &gt; 0.998), extremely low limits of quantitations (0.001–0.025&#xa0;mg/kg), and acceptable matrix effects (ranged from − 12.7% to 13.4%). The validated method provides a reliable tool for monitoring FLU and its metabolite residues in practical sample analysis, including livestock and poultry meat, viscera, milk, and honey, which is essential to risk assessment, compliance with good agricultural practices and regulatory oversight.</p>

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Simultaneous Determination of Flupyradifurone and Its Metabolites in Animal-Derived Foods Using QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Xiao Hu,
  • Ying Mei,
  • Xianjun Li,
  • Yan Chen

摘要

In this research, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of flupyradifurone (FLU) and its three principal metabolites (difluoroethylamino-furanone (DFEAF), 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA), and difluoroacetic acid (DFA)) in animal-derived food matrices was established based on the QuEChERS and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A low sample injection volume (3 µL) and dilution strategy were applied, without the use of isotope internal standards or matrix-matched calibration curves to compensate for the matrix effects. Recoveries for all matrix-matched samples at three spiked levels (n = 6) were ranged from 69.9% to 114.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.8%–10.4%. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (correlation coefficients R > 0.998), extremely low limits of quantitations (0.001–0.025 mg/kg), and acceptable matrix effects (ranged from − 12.7% to 13.4%). The validated method provides a reliable tool for monitoring FLU and its metabolite residues in practical sample analysis, including livestock and poultry meat, viscera, milk, and honey, which is essential to risk assessment, compliance with good agricultural practices and regulatory oversight.