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<p>Carbendazim is a very active systemic broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide with protective and curative action, and it has been widely used in agriculture for pre- and post-harvest protection of crops against fungal diseases. The dissipation pattern of carbendazim was studied in the cauliflower field ecosystem, and an analytical method for the determination of carbendazim in cauliflower and soil was developed and validated. Carbendazim residues were extracted from cauliflower and soil samples using the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector (HPLC–PDA). The results showed that a good linearity was observed in the range of 0.01 to 1&#xa0;mg/L, with the linear correlation coefficient of 0.999, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05&#xa0;mg/kg. The average recovery was 97 to 103% from cauliflower and 91 to 94% from soil. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 6%. The results of the supervised residue experiment study of carbendazim residue showed that the dissipation of carbendazim in cauliflower and soil followed the first-order kinetics with C = 1.969e<sup>−0.26×</sup> and <i>y</i> = 0.173e<sup>−0.25x</sup>, respectively; the half-lives were 2.67 and 2.77&#xa0;days, respectively. The final residue level was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for carbendazim on cauliflower with a harvest interval of 5&#xa0;days. The study examined the effects of household processing using a combination of 1% sodium chloride and 2% tamarind water, revealing a high removal rate of over 85% in all procedures except for washing with tap water. The risk quotients for the carbendazim in cauliflower samples were between 0.11 and 3.35% for rural groups, and 0.13 to 4.07% for urban groups, all below 100%. This indicates a low dietary risk of carbendazim for Indian consumers. These findings can help ensure the safe use of carbendazim in cauliflower and provide valuable information for assessing its dietary risks.</p>

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Dissipation Kinetics, Decontamination, Processing Factor, and Consumer Safety Assessment of Carbendazim Residue in Cauliflower

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月7日

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  • Anju Padmanabhan,
  • M. Paramasivam,
  • N. Muthukrishnan,
  • K. Bhuvaneswari

摘要

Carbendazim is a very active systemic broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide with protective and curative action, and it has been widely used in agriculture for pre- and post-harvest protection of crops against fungal diseases. The dissipation pattern of carbendazim was studied in the cauliflower field ecosystem, and an analytical method for the determination of carbendazim in cauliflower and soil was developed and validated. Carbendazim residues were extracted from cauliflower and soil samples using the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector (HPLC–PDA). The results showed that a good linearity was observed in the range of 0.01 to 1 mg/L, with the linear correlation coefficient of 0.999, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 mg/kg. The average recovery was 97 to 103% from cauliflower and 91 to 94% from soil. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 6%. The results of the supervised residue experiment study of carbendazim residue showed that the dissipation of carbendazim in cauliflower and soil followed the first-order kinetics with C = 1.969e−0.26× and y = 0.173e−0.25x, respectively; the half-lives were 2.67 and 2.77 days, respectively. The final residue level was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for carbendazim on cauliflower with a harvest interval of 5 days. The study examined the effects of household processing using a combination of 1% sodium chloride and 2% tamarind water, revealing a high removal rate of over 85% in all procedures except for washing with tap water. The risk quotients for the carbendazim in cauliflower samples were between 0.11 and 3.35% for rural groups, and 0.13 to 4.07% for urban groups, all below 100%. This indicates a low dietary risk of carbendazim for Indian consumers. These findings can help ensure the safe use of carbendazim in cauliflower and provide valuable information for assessing its dietary risks.