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<p>The global urgency to lower greenhouse gas emissions has accelerated interest in renewable fuels. Palm oil-based straight vegetable oil (SVO) has emerged as a promising candidate for low-medium speed diesel engines. This review critically evaluates the hypothesis that mildly processed palm-oil SVO can be a technically viable and sustainable fuel for low-medium speed engines if integrated within a circular bioeconomy model, overcoming key technical and economic barriers.. Evidence indicates that palm oil SVO can reduce CO₂ and particulate emissions while facing challenges such as high viscosity, deposit formation, and cold flow issues. Preheating, transesterification, and blending improve performance but introduce economic and sustainability constraints. Mild processing technologies and circular-economy models show strong potential to resolve technical, environmental, and supply chain bottlenecks. This review uniquely synthesizes technical performance data with circular economy and mild refining frameworks, proposing a pathway for SVO that bypasses costly transesterification. This approach reveals a significant opportunity to improve the economic and environmental profile of palm-based biofuels.</p>

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Palm Oil–Based Straight Vegetable Oil as a Sustainable Fuel Alternative for Low–Medium Speed Diesel Engines: A Critical Review of Technical Viability, Emissions, and Circular Economy Integration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • B. G. Yudanto,
  • F. R. Panjaitan,
  • H. Ambarita,
  • T. B. Sitorus

摘要

The global urgency to lower greenhouse gas emissions has accelerated interest in renewable fuels. Palm oil-based straight vegetable oil (SVO) has emerged as a promising candidate for low-medium speed diesel engines. This review critically evaluates the hypothesis that mildly processed palm-oil SVO can be a technically viable and sustainable fuel for low-medium speed engines if integrated within a circular bioeconomy model, overcoming key technical and economic barriers.. Evidence indicates that palm oil SVO can reduce CO₂ and particulate emissions while facing challenges such as high viscosity, deposit formation, and cold flow issues. Preheating, transesterification, and blending improve performance but introduce economic and sustainability constraints. Mild processing technologies and circular-economy models show strong potential to resolve technical, environmental, and supply chain bottlenecks. This review uniquely synthesizes technical performance data with circular economy and mild refining frameworks, proposing a pathway for SVO that bypasses costly transesterification. This approach reveals a significant opportunity to improve the economic and environmental profile of palm-based biofuels.