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<p>The Indonesian government has consistently expressed its commitment to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, notably through the partial substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels to increase the share of renewables in the national energy mix. Among the measures introduced is the E5 program, mandating a 5% ethanol blend in gasoline, although its implementation has encountered several technical and logistical barriers. This study examines the feasibility of integrating bioethanol production into the biogas value chain by comparing three development scenarios. The baseline scenario (SC BaU) assumes a stand-alone bioethanol production facility. Scenario 2 considers a biorefinery configuration utilizing wastewater for electricity generation, with two operational sub-cases. SC BIO-TRADE explores the conversion of wastewater into biomethane for commercial distribution. The economic evaluation identifies SC BIO-TRADE as the most feasible option, owing to its relatively lower capital investment of USD 255,314,671 and a projected average annual revenue of USD 126,152,277. At a selling price of USD 6 per MMBTU, this pathway achieves an internal rate of return (IRR) of 14%, outperforming the other scenarios. Moreover, SC BIO-TRADE is particularly suitable for deployment in industrial zones where a reliable gas supply is critical for sustaining production activities.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhancing the Economic Feasibility of Biogas Production from Bioethanol Wastewater Derived from Empty Fruit Bunches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Erwan Hermawan,
  • Adiarso Adiarso,
  • Ai Nelly,
  • Danis E. P. Wicaksana,
  • Hari Setiawan,
  • Isyalia D. Handayani,
  • Usman Sudjadi,
  • M. C. Tri Atmodjo,
  • Unik Setiawati

摘要

The Indonesian government has consistently expressed its commitment to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, notably through the partial substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels to increase the share of renewables in the national energy mix. Among the measures introduced is the E5 program, mandating a 5% ethanol blend in gasoline, although its implementation has encountered several technical and logistical barriers. This study examines the feasibility of integrating bioethanol production into the biogas value chain by comparing three development scenarios. The baseline scenario (SC BaU) assumes a stand-alone bioethanol production facility. Scenario 2 considers a biorefinery configuration utilizing wastewater for electricity generation, with two operational sub-cases. SC BIO-TRADE explores the conversion of wastewater into biomethane for commercial distribution. The economic evaluation identifies SC BIO-TRADE as the most feasible option, owing to its relatively lower capital investment of USD 255,314,671 and a projected average annual revenue of USD 126,152,277. At a selling price of USD 6 per MMBTU, this pathway achieves an internal rate of return (IRR) of 14%, outperforming the other scenarios. Moreover, SC BIO-TRADE is particularly suitable for deployment in industrial zones where a reliable gas supply is critical for sustaining production activities.

Graphical Abstract