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<p>Ionospheric disturbances are critically important because they directly affect the accuracy and reliability of GNSS-based navigation and radio communication systems. They also influence satellite operations and aviation systems, making them a key component of space-weather impacts. Geophysical phenomena such as Solar Flares, Geomagnetic disturbances, Large Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (LSTID), Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) and seismic activity cause the temporal as well as spatial variabilities of the ionosphere. Rapid variations in electron density during these events can introduce signal delays, scintillations and associated positioning errors. To assess these activities, Total Electron Content (TEC) is employed. This paper uses GPS derived TEC measurements to investigate ionospheric variations over a low latitude region. Differential Rate Of TEC (DROT) is used in this research which is an efficient algorithm designed for automatic variability detection is carried out. The proposed algorithm is validated with disturbances from solar Flares, geomagnetic activity, LSTID, MSTID and earthquake data from previous literature. The results are closely consistent with those reported in earlier studies. The IONOLAB-TEC measurements from HYDE and IISC stations over India are inspected with DROT to acquire wave-like oscillations, sudden disturbances, and other irregular variations. DROT demonstrates the ability to detect small, medium and large-scale variability throughout the ionosphere. The analysis expresses three DROT intervals that specify disturbance intensity: less than 50%, 50–70% and greater than 70%. Quiet conditions are indicated by DROT values under 50%, medium-scale disturbances by 50–70% values, while values above 70% highlight large-scale disturbances.</p>

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DROT analysis for detection of Ionospheric irregularities using GPS-TEC over low-latitude Indian region during various geophysical events

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Srilatha Talluri,
  • M. Ravi Kumar,
  • Swapna Raghunath,
  • Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina

摘要

Ionospheric disturbances are critically important because they directly affect the accuracy and reliability of GNSS-based navigation and radio communication systems. They also influence satellite operations and aviation systems, making them a key component of space-weather impacts. Geophysical phenomena such as Solar Flares, Geomagnetic disturbances, Large Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (LSTID), Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (MSTID) and seismic activity cause the temporal as well as spatial variabilities of the ionosphere. Rapid variations in electron density during these events can introduce signal delays, scintillations and associated positioning errors. To assess these activities, Total Electron Content (TEC) is employed. This paper uses GPS derived TEC measurements to investigate ionospheric variations over a low latitude region. Differential Rate Of TEC (DROT) is used in this research which is an efficient algorithm designed for automatic variability detection is carried out. The proposed algorithm is validated with disturbances from solar Flares, geomagnetic activity, LSTID, MSTID and earthquake data from previous literature. The results are closely consistent with those reported in earlier studies. The IONOLAB-TEC measurements from HYDE and IISC stations over India are inspected with DROT to acquire wave-like oscillations, sudden disturbances, and other irregular variations. DROT demonstrates the ability to detect small, medium and large-scale variability throughout the ionosphere. The analysis expresses three DROT intervals that specify disturbance intensity: less than 50%, 50–70% and greater than 70%. Quiet conditions are indicated by DROT values under 50%, medium-scale disturbances by 50–70% values, while values above 70% highlight large-scale disturbances.