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<p>With the increasing use of satellite imagery for military, environmental, and commercial applications, the need for secure and efficient encryption techniques is also increasing. We present a Feistel-inspired encryption framework for satellite images, which uses two novel proposed chaotic maps Power-Reciprocal Cosine (PRC) and Logarithmic Cosine-Reciprocal (LCR) in combination with Data Encryption Standard (DES)-inspired permutation-diffusion algorithm, gives promising results by obtaining NPCR 99.60%, UACI 34.41%, and Chi-square 266.33. Specifically, the work uses novel chaotic maps and a hash-based key scheduling algorithm followed by a round-based permutation and diffusion technique. The permutation phase flattens the image and uses novel proposed PRC chaotic to break spatial correlations between adjacent pixels. The phase seeds PRC map with the initial conditions, generates the chaotic sequence, and performs rank sort permutation on the output of the chaotic map. The diffusion phase uses other novel proposed LCR map, where the flattened permuted image is split into two parts and the right part is XORed with the output from the LCR map. The positions of the right and left half are swapped. The work uses high-resolution multispectral images, employs standard parameters such as key sensitivity, entropy, chi-square analysis, histogram analysis, Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), and applies commonly known attacks such as differential attack, noise attack, data cut attack, and single event upset for computing encryption and decryption efficiency of the proposed image cryptosystem.</p>

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Feistel-inspired and novel hybrid chaotic maps based robust encryption scheme for satellite imagery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Mohit Dua,
  • Anil Kumar,
  • Nidhi Chakravarty,
  • Shelza Dua

摘要

With the increasing use of satellite imagery for military, environmental, and commercial applications, the need for secure and efficient encryption techniques is also increasing. We present a Feistel-inspired encryption framework for satellite images, which uses two novel proposed chaotic maps Power-Reciprocal Cosine (PRC) and Logarithmic Cosine-Reciprocal (LCR) in combination with Data Encryption Standard (DES)-inspired permutation-diffusion algorithm, gives promising results by obtaining NPCR 99.60%, UACI 34.41%, and Chi-square 266.33. Specifically, the work uses novel chaotic maps and a hash-based key scheduling algorithm followed by a round-based permutation and diffusion technique. The permutation phase flattens the image and uses novel proposed PRC chaotic to break spatial correlations between adjacent pixels. The phase seeds PRC map with the initial conditions, generates the chaotic sequence, and performs rank sort permutation on the output of the chaotic map. The diffusion phase uses other novel proposed LCR map, where the flattened permuted image is split into two parts and the right part is XORed with the output from the LCR map. The positions of the right and left half are swapped. The work uses high-resolution multispectral images, employs standard parameters such as key sensitivity, entropy, chi-square analysis, histogram analysis, Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), and applies commonly known attacks such as differential attack, noise attack, data cut attack, and single event upset for computing encryption and decryption efficiency of the proposed image cryptosystem.