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<p>The web-based exploration of high-resolution scientific datasets, particularly 3D micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of soil and rock samples, is frequently hindered by bandwidth limitations and client-side rendering bottlenecks. Traditional visualization methods often rely on heavy polygonal meshes that fail to capture internal structures efficiently or overwhelm browser resources. To address this, this paper presents a novel, open-source computational workflow for the efficient compression, transmission, and interactive visualization of volumetric data in standard web browsers. The proposed architecture integrates Zstandard (zstd) compression algorithms with a custom-developed Three.js volumetric rendering pipeline. Unlike standard implementations, we introduce a specialized shader designed to accurately depict complex pore structures and density phases of geological materials without requiring high-end hardware. We validated this approach through rigorous benchmarking against conventional mesh-based methods and alternative web rendering engines. Results demonstrate that the proposed workflow significantly reduces network payload and memory footprint while maintaining high visual fidelity. The system successfully renders datasets up to 750^3 voxels at interactive frame rates on both desktop and mobile devices, outperforming high-polygon models in speed and usability. This study provides a validated, scalable solution for the remote analysis of geological cores, bridging the gap between specialized desktop software and accessible web interfaces.</p>

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Interactive web-based visualization of high-resolution rock and soil XCT: a lightweight workflow using Three.js and Zstandard

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Ponomarenko Boris,
  • Smirnyi Timofei,
  • Tolstygin Kirill,
  • Tsymbarovich Petr,
  • Fomin Dmitry

摘要

The web-based exploration of high-resolution scientific datasets, particularly 3D micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of soil and rock samples, is frequently hindered by bandwidth limitations and client-side rendering bottlenecks. Traditional visualization methods often rely on heavy polygonal meshes that fail to capture internal structures efficiently or overwhelm browser resources. To address this, this paper presents a novel, open-source computational workflow for the efficient compression, transmission, and interactive visualization of volumetric data in standard web browsers. The proposed architecture integrates Zstandard (zstd) compression algorithms with a custom-developed Three.js volumetric rendering pipeline. Unlike standard implementations, we introduce a specialized shader designed to accurately depict complex pore structures and density phases of geological materials without requiring high-end hardware. We validated this approach through rigorous benchmarking against conventional mesh-based methods and alternative web rendering engines. Results demonstrate that the proposed workflow significantly reduces network payload and memory footprint while maintaining high visual fidelity. The system successfully renders datasets up to 750^3 voxels at interactive frame rates on both desktop and mobile devices, outperforming high-polygon models in speed and usability. This study provides a validated, scalable solution for the remote analysis of geological cores, bridging the gap between specialized desktop software and accessible web interfaces.