A mixed-fluid genetic model for the baiceng fluorite deposit, SW China: Deciphering the magmatic thermal driver and basinal fluid sources
摘要
Fluorite is widely distributed in sedimentary, low-temperature hydrothermal, and pegmatitic systems, making the accurate determination of its genetic type crucial for understanding regional metallogenic patterns. The Youjiang Basin low-temperature hydrothermal metallogenic province is an important component of the large-scale low-temperature metallogenic domain in South China, characterized by significant gold, antimony, and fluorite mineralization. Although numerous studies have revealed a potential genetic link between low-temperature mineralization in this region and the evolution of magmatic hydrothermal processes, direct evidence remains scarce. The Baiceng fluorite deposit, a recently discovered medium-sized deposit within the Youjiang Basin, is closely associated with gold and antimony mineralization in the basin. It occurs as independent orebodies hosted in limestone of the Triassic Longtou Formation. Three distinct types of rare earth element (REE) patterns (FlI, FlIIA, FlIIB) have been identified, all exhibiting negative Eu (0.43–0.79) and Ce (0.50–0.85) anomalies. Fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of fluorite yielded a concordant age of 82 ± 4.4 Ma, consistent with the emplacement age of local lamprophyres (77.5–97 Ma). The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of fluorite (MC-ICP-MS) range from 0.708082 to 0.708870 (avg. 0.708478), matching those of Devonian strata in the Youjiang Basin (0.70863–0.70898). Integrated with regional tectonic evolution, it is proposed that in a post-Yanshanian extensional setting, large-scale lithospheric thinning and low-degree partial melting of the mantle generated magmas, which provided the essential thermal impetus for the formation of the initial ore-forming fluids of the Baiceng fluorite deposit. These fluids were subsequently influenced by meteoric water and wall-rocks during their migration. The metallogenic model established for the Baiceng fluorite deposit offers a new perspective for research on other hydrothermal deposits within the basin.