<p>Water hazards present a significant threat to coal mining safety, necessitating advanced techniques for managing aquifers with substantial water storage potential. In high-risk coal mining regions, efficiently developing groundwater resources is essential for hazard mitigation and optimizing resource utilization. This study employs computational methods to assess aquifer water storage potential, focusing on key depositional, permeability, and structural factors as primary indicators. Secondary indicators include Sand ratio, Number of sandstone layers, Equivalent sedimentary microfacies thickness, Moisture content, Porosity, Core recovery, and Fault fractal dimension. A hybrid approach combining subjective and objective weight calculations using the Improved Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP) and Improved Criteria lmportance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) method, integrated through game theory, was applied to derive composite weights for these indicators. These weights were used in a zoning prediction model based on Matter-element Extension Theory to assess the water storage potential of sandstone aquifers in the Shanxi Formation of the Longwanggou Coalfield. The results demonstrate strong correlations with sedimentary facies, revealing that the western and southeastern regions exhibit moderate to extremely high groundwater storage potential, while other areas show weak to negligible potential. The model achieved an 82% accuracy rate, outperforming traditional assessment methods. This study enhances the precision of water hazard management in coal mining, contributing to more sustainable groundwater resource utilization and providing valuable insights into computational Earth science methods for spatial and temporal data analysis.</p>