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<p>The formation of water accumulation areas due to coal mining subsidence severely restricts the green development of resource-based cities in China. Specifically, the disturbance of ecosystems and the degradation of living environments in high groundwater level mining areas within cities significantly obstruct efforts toward regional ecological civilization. There is currently no systematic ‌‌assessment of the ecological environment quality (EEQ) in urban high groundwater level mining areas using remote sensing. The Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) is reconstructed by leveraging the capabilities of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. This process involves utilizing data from the Landsat series and incorporating a topographic correction model. The trends and persistence of RSEI changes in the Tangshan mine from 1996 to 2024 are studied using a comprehensive approach that incorporates Sen + Mann–Kendall trend analysis, the center of gravity migration model, the ANN-CA–Markov model, and the Geodetector. Multiple driving factors are also explored. The results indicate that: (1) From the temporal perspective, the average RSEI in the Tangshan mining area from 1996 to 2024 shows an overall trend of initially decreasing and then increasing. Greenness and humidity positively affect the EEQ of the study area, whereas dryness and heat negatively impact it. (2) From the spatial perspective, the distribution pattern of EEQ in the Tangshan mining area remains relatively stable from 1996 to 2024. The RSEI generally exhibits a “high center, low north and south” pattern. Ecological quality is profoundly impacted by urbanization and mining activities. (3) From the dynamic analysis perspective, the distribution of the RSEI centroid is consistent with its overall spatial pattern, with the ecological centroid primarily located in the central region across different years. Between 2000 and 2020, the centroid of EEQ improvement shifts first to the northeast and then to the southwest, showing a similar pattern to the centroid of ecological deterioration. According to ecological predictions, 41.86% of the RSEI in the Tangshan mining area is expected to continue improving in the future. The analysis of driving forces indicates that factors such as land use, nighttime lighting, and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) significantly impact the EEQ of the area. Subsurface mining activities cause subsidence, creating waterlogged areas that substantially alter surface landscape patterns and land use types. Consequently, the influence of subsurface mining activities is significant and cannot be ignored. The research findings serve as a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the scientific monitoring and management of the EEQ, as well as for promoting sustainable development in high water table mining areas of main urban districts.</p>

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Assessment of ecological restoration effectiveness and quantitative analysis of multiple driving forces in high groundwater-level coal mining subsidence areas of the main Urban District

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月31日

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  • Anya Zhong,
  • Jinhua Zhou

摘要

The formation of water accumulation areas due to coal mining subsidence severely restricts the green development of resource-based cities in China. Specifically, the disturbance of ecosystems and the degradation of living environments in high groundwater level mining areas within cities significantly obstruct efforts toward regional ecological civilization. There is currently no systematic ‌‌assessment of the ecological environment quality (EEQ) in urban high groundwater level mining areas using remote sensing. The Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) is reconstructed by leveraging the capabilities of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. This process involves utilizing data from the Landsat series and incorporating a topographic correction model. The trends and persistence of RSEI changes in the Tangshan mine from 1996 to 2024 are studied using a comprehensive approach that incorporates Sen + Mann–Kendall trend analysis, the center of gravity migration model, the ANN-CA–Markov model, and the Geodetector. Multiple driving factors are also explored. The results indicate that: (1) From the temporal perspective, the average RSEI in the Tangshan mining area from 1996 to 2024 shows an overall trend of initially decreasing and then increasing. Greenness and humidity positively affect the EEQ of the study area, whereas dryness and heat negatively impact it. (2) From the spatial perspective, the distribution pattern of EEQ in the Tangshan mining area remains relatively stable from 1996 to 2024. The RSEI generally exhibits a “high center, low north and south” pattern. Ecological quality is profoundly impacted by urbanization and mining activities. (3) From the dynamic analysis perspective, the distribution of the RSEI centroid is consistent with its overall spatial pattern, with the ecological centroid primarily located in the central region across different years. Between 2000 and 2020, the centroid of EEQ improvement shifts first to the northeast and then to the southwest, showing a similar pattern to the centroid of ecological deterioration. According to ecological predictions, 41.86% of the RSEI in the Tangshan mining area is expected to continue improving in the future. The analysis of driving forces indicates that factors such as land use, nighttime lighting, and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) significantly impact the EEQ of the area. Subsurface mining activities cause subsidence, creating waterlogged areas that substantially alter surface landscape patterns and land use types. Consequently, the influence of subsurface mining activities is significant and cannot be ignored. The research findings serve as a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the scientific monitoring and management of the EEQ, as well as for promoting sustainable development in high water table mining areas of main urban districts.