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<p>This study utilizes the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis and Research and Application, version 2 (MERRA-2) dataset to investigate long-term trends in atmospheric particulate precursors over Nigeria from 1993 to 2023. The analysis covers various aerosol components including dust, sea salt, organic carbon, black carbon, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides (SO₂ and SO₄), dimethyl sulfide, and particulate matter (PM₁.₀, PM₂.₅, PM₁₀.₀). Spatial and temporal distributions of these precursors are assessed using MERRA-2 high-resolution data, highlighting influences from anthropogenic activities, climatic patterns, and regional environmental conditions. The results reveal significant increases in organic carbon (5.10 – 8.73&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and black carbon (0.75 – 1.19&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup>) concentrations, likely attributed to urbanization, industrial emissions, and biomass burning. Dust (148.45 – 244.19&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and sea salt (2.91 – 4.64&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup>) show varying trends influenced by desertification, wind patterns, and marine aerosol dynamics. Sulphur oxides, SO₂ (0.41 – 0.58&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup>), SO₄ (0.51 – 0.61&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup>) exhibit fluctuating levels, reflecting changes in industrial processes and atmospheric chemistry. These findings contribute to understanding the impact of particulate matter on human health, ecosystem dynamics, and regional climate change over the study period, which was the spatial analysis of PM₂.₅ and its precursors highlights that southern Nigeria had significant PM precursors with higher pollution levels, whereas northern Nigeria had dust PM, which can be linked to increased health risks. Spatial analysis revealed higher concentrations of PM₂.₅ and its precursors, highlighting the impacts of urbanization and industrial activities on air quality. Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations between OC and BC concentrations (r = 0.78 and 0.95), indicating common emission sources and atmospheric processes. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and policy interventions to mitigate health risks associated with fine particulate pollution in Nigeria.</p>

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Long-term trends in atmospheric particulates precursors over Nigeria: application of MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset from 1993—2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月18日

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  • Daniel Omeodisemi Omokpariola,
  • John Kanayochukwu Nduka,
  • Patrick Leonard Omokpariola

摘要

This study utilizes the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis and Research and Application, version 2 (MERRA-2) dataset to investigate long-term trends in atmospheric particulate precursors over Nigeria from 1993 to 2023. The analysis covers various aerosol components including dust, sea salt, organic carbon, black carbon, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides (SO₂ and SO₄), dimethyl sulfide, and particulate matter (PM₁.₀, PM₂.₅, PM₁₀.₀). Spatial and temporal distributions of these precursors are assessed using MERRA-2 high-resolution data, highlighting influences from anthropogenic activities, climatic patterns, and regional environmental conditions. The results reveal significant increases in organic carbon (5.10 – 8.73 μg/m3) and black carbon (0.75 – 1.19 μg/m3) concentrations, likely attributed to urbanization, industrial emissions, and biomass burning. Dust (148.45 – 244.19 μg/m3) and sea salt (2.91 – 4.64 μg/m3) show varying trends influenced by desertification, wind patterns, and marine aerosol dynamics. Sulphur oxides, SO₂ (0.41 – 0.58 μg/m3), SO₄ (0.51 – 0.61 μg/m3) exhibit fluctuating levels, reflecting changes in industrial processes and atmospheric chemistry. These findings contribute to understanding the impact of particulate matter on human health, ecosystem dynamics, and regional climate change over the study period, which was the spatial analysis of PM₂.₅ and its precursors highlights that southern Nigeria had significant PM precursors with higher pollution levels, whereas northern Nigeria had dust PM, which can be linked to increased health risks. Spatial analysis revealed higher concentrations of PM₂.₅ and its precursors, highlighting the impacts of urbanization and industrial activities on air quality. Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations between OC and BC concentrations (r = 0.78 and 0.95), indicating common emission sources and atmospheric processes. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and policy interventions to mitigate health risks associated with fine particulate pollution in Nigeria.