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<p>Adolescence is characterized by pronounced emotional fluctuations, with depression and anxiety being highly prevalent. However, the co-developmental patterns of these two problems over time remain unclear. To address this gap, the present study examined the joint developmental trajectories of depression and anxiety and investigated how co-rumination and self-compassion predict these patterns. A total of 811 adolescents (M<sub>age</sub> = 13.94, SD = 0.83) participated in a three-wave longitudinal survey with four-month intervals. Parallel process latent class growth modeling identified three trajectory classes of depression and anxiety: <i>Low-Stable</i> (84.3%), <i>High-Diminishing</i> (4.6%), and <i>Moderate-Escalating</i> (11.1%). Although the majority of adolescents followed a stable, low-severity trajectory, a notable proportion (15.7%) exhibited either escalating or diminishing symptom patterns. Importantly, co-rumination positively predicted membership in the escalating trajectory, whereas self-compassion negatively predicted both the escalating and diminishing trajectories. These findings suggest that co-rumination and a lack of self-compassion are key factors hindering adolescents from maintaining low and stable trajectories of depression and anxiety. Intervention programs targeting co-rumination reduction and self-compassion enhancement should therefore be prioritized in addressing adolescent internalizing problems.</p>

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Joint developmental trajectories of depression and anxiety in chinese adolescents: the roles of co-rumination and self-compassion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Zhongjie Wang,
  • Fuqu Liu,
  • Juanjuan Zheng,
  • Xuezhen Wang

摘要

Adolescence is characterized by pronounced emotional fluctuations, with depression and anxiety being highly prevalent. However, the co-developmental patterns of these two problems over time remain unclear. To address this gap, the present study examined the joint developmental trajectories of depression and anxiety and investigated how co-rumination and self-compassion predict these patterns. A total of 811 adolescents (Mage = 13.94, SD = 0.83) participated in a three-wave longitudinal survey with four-month intervals. Parallel process latent class growth modeling identified three trajectory classes of depression and anxiety: Low-Stable (84.3%), High-Diminishing (4.6%), and Moderate-Escalating (11.1%). Although the majority of adolescents followed a stable, low-severity trajectory, a notable proportion (15.7%) exhibited either escalating or diminishing symptom patterns. Importantly, co-rumination positively predicted membership in the escalating trajectory, whereas self-compassion negatively predicted both the escalating and diminishing trajectories. These findings suggest that co-rumination and a lack of self-compassion are key factors hindering adolescents from maintaining low and stable trajectories of depression and anxiety. Intervention programs targeting co-rumination reduction and self-compassion enhancement should therefore be prioritized in addressing adolescent internalizing problems.