<p>Self-referential processing is a well-established, effective memory-enhancing strategy. However, it remains unclear whether the memory benefit derived from self-referential encoding extends to temporal order memory. In the present study, two experiments were designed to explore the influence of self-referential encoding on temporal order memory, and whether an asymmetric effect of self-referential encoding exists between item memory and temporal order memory. Using a self-referential processing paradigm, we compared the accuracy of item memory (via recognition test) and temporal order memory (via recency judgment task) under self-referential encoding and semantic encoding conditions. The results showed that self-referential encoding significantly facilitated item memory relative to semantic encoding. In contrast, temporal order memory did not benefit from self-referential encoding compared to semantic encoding. These findings demonstrate that under identical item encoding conditions, the effects of self-referential processing on item memory and temporal order memory are dissociated within the long-term memory system. This study provides new insights into the self-referential modulation of temporal order memory and extends the theoretical framework of the self-reference effect by identifying memory type as a key moderator.</p>