Generational patterns of gender norms in Türkiye: Continuity and variation
摘要
This study examines generational patterns and differences in gender stereotypes in Türkiye, with particular attention to marital status. Grounded in Social Role Theory and the concept of dynamic stereotypes, the study analyzes open-ended responses from 89 participants using thematic analysis supported by MAXQDA 12. The findings indicate that older cohorts predominantly articulate traditional gender role expectations, positioning men as economic providers and authority figures and women as self-sacrificing spouses and caregivers. In contrast, younger cohorts more frequently emphasize egalitarian values, including autonomy, shared responsibility, and emotional expressiveness. However, these patterns are not uniform across social positions. Marital status plays a key role in shaping gendered expectations: marriage tends to legitimize traditional role ascriptions, while single women are subjected to greater social scrutiny and moral evaluation than single men. Across cohorts, gender perceptions are associated with structural conditions such as education, women’s labor force participation, and digital media exposure, alongside enduring cultural frameworks related to honor, religiosity, and familial obligations. While some patterns, such as the gendered division of responsibility and the stigmatization of singlehood, resonate with findings from Western-centered literature, the moral regulation of women through honor, marital status, and family reputation reflects culturally specific dynamics of the Turkish context. By offering a culturally grounded, generationally comparative analysis, this study contributes to the literature on gender norms in non-Western societies and highlights the coexistence of continuity and variation in contemporary gender stereotypes in Türkiye.