Pro-environmental behavior, norms, affective attitude, and intention in 9-year-old children: an exploratory network analysis
摘要
Understanding the factors associated with children’s pro-environmental intentions is important for developing theory and informing future research on sustainable behavior early in life. At the same time, research with young children often involves small and hard-to-reach samples, making confirmatory modeling difficult. In this exploratory pilot study, we applied psychometric network analysis to examine the pattern of conditional associations among pro-environmental behavior, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, attitude, and intention in 30 Italian 9-year-old children. Because preliminary analyses indicated gender differences in intention and a weaker trend toward gender differences in attitude, these variables were residualized with respect to gender in the main network, and a non-residualized network was estimated as a sensitivity analysis. Overall, the non-residualized and gender-adjusted networks showed a similar core structure. The regularized gender-adjusted network showed its strongest positive edges between descriptive and injunctive norms, between injunctive norms and attitude, and between attitude and intention. Pro-environmental behavior showed only weak direct connections to the rest of the network. Strength and expected influence were both highest for injunctive norms, followed by descriptive norms and attitude. Although these findings are provisional and hypothesis-generating, they illustrate how psychometric network analysis can be applied in small pilot samples to map patterns of conditional associations and inform future confirmatory research.