<p>Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur, presenting a major social challenge due to the significant heterogeneity in their patterns, particularly among adolescents. To address this, the current study employed a person-centered approach to examine patterns of depression and anxiety and explore how these patterns are associated with other mental health indicators and suicide risk. A sample of 1,944 Chinese adolescents (M = 14.59, SD = 1.74) completed offline questionnaires. Using latent profile analysis alongside the R3STEP and BCH methods for subsequent evaluation, the study identified four distinct latent patterns of depression and anxiety comorbidity: a No Anxiety-No Depression group (36.68%), an Anxiety-Depression Borderline group (37.45%), a Mild Anxiety-Moderate Depression group (20.06%), and a Moderate Anxiety-High Depression group (5.81%). Analysis revealed that males were more likely to belong to groups with milder symptoms compared to females. Furthermore, gender, somatization, hostility, and sleep difficulties significantly influenced these patterns. Notably, there was a statistically significant difference in suicidal ideation (SI) across the latent categories (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\boldsymbol x^{\mathbf2}\boldsymbol=\mathbf{234}\boldsymbol.\mathbf{81}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, p &lt; .001). By adopting a person-centered perspective rather than traditional variable-centered analyses, this research highlights the complexity of co-occurring psychological health risks in adolescents. Ultimately, these findings emphasize the importance of accurately identifying distinct combinations of anxiety and depression, paving the way for targeted interventions aimed at reducing SI and opening new avenues for more personalized and effective mental health care.</p>