An experimental study on the psychological drivers and barriers of multisensory immersive digital heritage adoption: evidence from The Tang Dynasty Adventure
摘要
Multisensory immersive virtual experiences integrate visual, auditory, haptic, and olfactory cues to heighten a sense of presence in digital-heritage settings. Although such experiences are promising for revitalizing intangible cultural heritage, the psychological and behavioral mechanisms of adoption remain underexplored, particularly in China. This study evaluates an integrated framework synthesizing the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Technology Acceptance Model, and a benefits–risks perspective operationalized through perceived risks. Using data from a scenario-based, standardized-exposure, post-experience cross-sectional evaluation of The Tang Dynasty Adventure, we examine how attitude toward the experience, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and five perceived-risk dimensions (time, financial, physiological, psychological, and functional) relate to intention to adopt. Structural equation modeling on 316 responses shows that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are positively associated with intention. Within the technology-acceptance chain, perceived ease of use is positively associated with perceived usefulness, and perceived usefulness is positively associated with attitude, which in turn relates positively to intention. On the risk side, all five perceived-risk dimensions are negatively associated with attitude. Overall, the findings suggest that, in high presence multisensory heritage experiences, risk appraisals operate primarily as attitudinal constraints alongside social cognitive drivers and usability based value appraisal. The study offers actionable guidance for the design and governance of multisensory digital heritage services by emphasizing usability, clear value communication, comfort management, transparent time and pricing expectations, and system reliability assurance.