<p>This study based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, and employs two-wave survey data from 316 employees to empirically investigate the mechanism and boundary conditions linking compulsory citizenship behavior to employee work withdrawal behavior. This study reveals a significant positive impact of compulsory citizenship behavior on work withdrawal, exhibiting a threshold effect, and identifies hindrance appraisal as a partial mediator in this relationship. This study further demonstrates that both perceived organizational support and psychological resilience negatively moderate the relationship between compulsory citizenship behavior and hindrance appraisal, as well as the associated mediating pathway leading to work withdrawal. By extending the theoretical understanding of compulsory citizenship behavior’s impact mechanisms, this study also provides practical insights for organizations aiming to mitigate its negative effects.</p>