<p>This study aims to investigate the level of career maturity, self-efficacy, and social anxiety among students at King Faisal University. Additionally, it seeks to explore gender differences in these factors, considering cultural and gender-specific influences within the Saudi Arabian context to identify the main factors contributing to their participation in the labor force. This study also aimed to examine the potential mediating role of self-efficacy between social anxiety and career maturity across gender. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (196 males and 206 females) at King Faisal University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Three questionnaires were used to collect data: the Scale of Vocational Identity to measure career maturity, the General self-efficacy scale, and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale to measure students’ social anxiety. The study revealed that male and female students at King Faisal University in KSA do not significantly differ in terms of career maturity and self-efficacy; however, compared with their female counterparts, male students experience more social anxiety. There was an inverse relationship between social anxiety and self-efficacy &amp; career maturity, and self-efficacy was positively related to career maturity. self-efficacy plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and career maturity for the overall sample and for the female sample specifically, but not for the male sample. By addressing self-efficacy and social anxiety early, educators and counselors play a crucial role in helping students develop self-confidence and navigate social anxiety, leading to more effective career development and students’ psychological well-being.</p>