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<p>Research on depression levels among Chinese older adults with experience of Hukou conversion (EHC) remains limited. Based on longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) waves of 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018, this study examined whether EHC and motivation for Hukou conversion (MHC) were associated with depression levels and investigated the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. Four key findings emerged: (1) Compared to older adults with urban Hukou, those with EHC exhibited higher depression levels—an increase of 0.3101 units on the depression index, which was significant at the 5% level. (2) In contrast, compared to older adults with rural Hukou, those with EHC exhibited lower depression levels—a reduction of 0.8872 units, which was significant at the 1% level. (3) Older adults with motivation for active Hukou conversion (MAHC) had significantly lower depression levels than both urban and rural Hukou peers, whereas those with motivation for passive Hukou conversion (MPHC) had significantly higher depression levels than urban Hukou peers but no significant difference from rural Hukou peers. (4) Danwei health benefits differentially mediated the depression disparities across the four groups (MAHC, MPHC, urban Hukou, and rural Hukou), and socioeconomic status exerted heterogeneous moderating effects.</p>

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The impact of Hukou conversion experiences and motivations on depression levels among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of Danwei health benefits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Chenhang Li,
  • Jialiang Zheng,
  • Haoran Hu,
  • Rong Ying,
  • Can Cai,
  • Zihan Feng,
  • Li He

摘要

Research on depression levels among Chinese older adults with experience of Hukou conversion (EHC) remains limited. Based on longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) waves of 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018, this study examined whether EHC and motivation for Hukou conversion (MHC) were associated with depression levels and investigated the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. Four key findings emerged: (1) Compared to older adults with urban Hukou, those with EHC exhibited higher depression levels—an increase of 0.3101 units on the depression index, which was significant at the 5% level. (2) In contrast, compared to older adults with rural Hukou, those with EHC exhibited lower depression levels—a reduction of 0.8872 units, which was significant at the 1% level. (3) Older adults with motivation for active Hukou conversion (MAHC) had significantly lower depression levels than both urban and rural Hukou peers, whereas those with motivation for passive Hukou conversion (MPHC) had significantly higher depression levels than urban Hukou peers but no significant difference from rural Hukou peers. (4) Danwei health benefits differentially mediated the depression disparities across the four groups (MAHC, MPHC, urban Hukou, and rural Hukou), and socioeconomic status exerted heterogeneous moderating effects.