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<p>Ageism, involving stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination against older adults, affects healthcare, employment, and social domains. The present study developed the Attitudes and Thoughts Toward Older People Scale (AT-TOPS) using the socioecological model to assess institutional, interpersonal, and self-directed ageism in the Taiwanese context, with items in Mandarin Chinese. A 1990–2024 literature review of 27 instruments yielded 196 items, refined to 17 items through expert panel and pilot testing. In 2023–2024, 370 adults aged 50 + years completed AT-TOPS, measures of depressive symptoms, quality of life, physical resilience, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (<i>N</i> = 169). Exploratory factor analysis retained 11 items in a three-factor structure, showing acceptable internal consistency (α/ω = 0.82/0.86, above the 0.7 threshold) but suboptimal test-retest reliability (<i>r</i> = 0.49, below the 0.7 threshold). External measures correlated with institutional ageism (absolute <i>r</i> ranged from 0.11 to 0.20, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.03) and interpersonal ageism (absolute <i>r</i> ranged from 0.05 to 0.25, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.36), albeit relatively weakly, while self-directed ageism showed stronger associations with depressive symptoms (<i>r</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and quality of life (<i>r</i>=-0.23, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). AT-TOPS supports multidimensional ageism assessment, informing targeted interventions.</p>

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Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure to assess ageism using a socioecological model: Attitudes and Thoughts Toward Older People Scale (AT-TOPS)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Yi-Jung Chen,
  • Chieh-hsiu Liu,
  • Kah-Ying Yap,
  • Li-Fan Liu,
  • Yi-Ching Yang,
  • Mark D. Griffiths,
  • Wen-Li Hou,
  • Chi Hsien Huang,
  • Chung-Ying Lin

摘要

Ageism, involving stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination against older adults, affects healthcare, employment, and social domains. The present study developed the Attitudes and Thoughts Toward Older People Scale (AT-TOPS) using the socioecological model to assess institutional, interpersonal, and self-directed ageism in the Taiwanese context, with items in Mandarin Chinese. A 1990–2024 literature review of 27 instruments yielded 196 items, refined to 17 items through expert panel and pilot testing. In 2023–2024, 370 adults aged 50 + years completed AT-TOPS, measures of depressive symptoms, quality of life, physical resilience, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (N = 169). Exploratory factor analysis retained 11 items in a three-factor structure, showing acceptable internal consistency (α/ω = 0.82/0.86, above the 0.7 threshold) but suboptimal test-retest reliability (r = 0.49, below the 0.7 threshold). External measures correlated with institutional ageism (absolute r ranged from 0.11 to 0.20, p < 0.03) and interpersonal ageism (absolute r ranged from 0.05 to 0.25, p < 0.36), albeit relatively weakly, while self-directed ageism showed stronger associations with depressive symptoms (r = 0.29, p < 0.001) and quality of life (r=-0.23, p < 0.001). AT-TOPS supports multidimensional ageism assessment, informing targeted interventions.