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<p>This study aimed to explore the longitudinal relationship between social engagement and cognitive function among middle-aged (45–59) and older adults (60–90) in China.&#xa0;Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for 2015, 2018, and 2020 (<i>N</i> = 14,577 at baseline) were used. A cross-lagged panel model was employed to assess the two age groups separately.&#xa0;Cross-lagged analyses revealed that cognitive function significantly predicted subsequent social engagement in both middle-aged (<i>β</i><sub><i>t1−t2</i></sub> = 0.114, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>β</i><sub><i>t2−t3</i></sub> = 0.085, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and older adult groups (<i>β</i><sub><i>t1−t2</i></sub> = 0.103, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>β</i><sub><i>t2−t3</i></sub> = 0.099, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas social engagement did not predict future cognitive function (middle-aged: <i>β</i><sub><i>t1−t2</i></sub> = – 0.004, <i>p</i> = 0.761; <i>β</i><sub><i>t2−t3</i></sub> = 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.990; older adult: <i>β</i><sub><i>t1−t2</i></sub> = – 0.015, <i>p</i> = 0.117; <i>β</i><sub><i>t2−t3</i></sub> = – 0.020, <i>p</i> = 0.056).&#xa0;These findings challenge the traditional assumption that social engagement actively preserves cognitive health and underscore the importance of maintaining cognitive function and implementing early cognitive interventions in aging populations. Future research should further refine the measurement of social engagement, explore potential mechanisms such as self-efficacy, and consider age-specific interventions that integrate both cognitive and social components.</p>

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The longitudinal relationship between social engagement and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Juanjuan Wang

摘要

This study aimed to explore the longitudinal relationship between social engagement and cognitive function among middle-aged (45–59) and older adults (60–90) in China. Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for 2015, 2018, and 2020 (N = 14,577 at baseline) were used. A cross-lagged panel model was employed to assess the two age groups separately. Cross-lagged analyses revealed that cognitive function significantly predicted subsequent social engagement in both middle-aged (βt1−t2 = 0.114, p < 0.001; βt2−t3 = 0.085, p < 0.001) and older adult groups (βt1−t2 = 0.103, p < 0.001; βt2−t3 = 0.099, p < 0.001), whereas social engagement did not predict future cognitive function (middle-aged: βt1−t2 = – 0.004, p = 0.761; βt2−t3 = 0.001, p = 0.990; older adult: βt1−t2 = – 0.015, p = 0.117; βt2−t3 = – 0.020, p = 0.056). These findings challenge the traditional assumption that social engagement actively preserves cognitive health and underscore the importance of maintaining cognitive function and implementing early cognitive interventions in aging populations. Future research should further refine the measurement of social engagement, explore potential mechanisms such as self-efficacy, and consider age-specific interventions that integrate both cognitive and social components.