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<p>The Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (BTPS-SF) is an instrument designed to assess three dimensions: rigid perfectionism, self-critical perfectionism, and narcissistic perfectionism. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the BTPS-SF among Iranian university students. Data were collected from 412 participants (<i>N</i> = 412, 74.1% females, mean age of participants = 25.4 years (SD = 3.2) using an online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a robust three-factor structure without the need to remove any items. To ensure measurement invariance across gender groups, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, confirming that the factor structure of the BTPS-SF is equivalent for males and females. Subsequently, CFA on the entire sample confirmed that the three-factor model of the BTPS-SF presents an excellent model fit. Moreover, BTPS-SF scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency as well as satisfactory convergent and criterion validity, correlating with scores of external criteria variables. The reliability coefficients were found to be at an adequate level, indicating high reliability of the scale in measuring various dimensions of perfectionism. The BTPS-SF was positively related to depression and self-generated stress while negatively related to resilience, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being. These findings emphasize the relevance of the BTPS-SF in understanding mental health within diverse cultural contexts and contribute to the ongoing discourse on the impact of perfectionism on well-being.</p>

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Understanding the complexities of perfectionism: validation of the big three perfectionism scale-short form (BTPS-SF) in Iranian university students

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Seyedeh Khadijeh Amirian,
  • Akbar Nasiri,
  • Helia Motamed

摘要

The Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (BTPS-SF) is an instrument designed to assess three dimensions: rigid perfectionism, self-critical perfectionism, and narcissistic perfectionism. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the BTPS-SF among Iranian university students. Data were collected from 412 participants (N = 412, 74.1% females, mean age of participants = 25.4 years (SD = 3.2) using an online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a robust three-factor structure without the need to remove any items. To ensure measurement invariance across gender groups, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, confirming that the factor structure of the BTPS-SF is equivalent for males and females. Subsequently, CFA on the entire sample confirmed that the three-factor model of the BTPS-SF presents an excellent model fit. Moreover, BTPS-SF scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency as well as satisfactory convergent and criterion validity, correlating with scores of external criteria variables. The reliability coefficients were found to be at an adequate level, indicating high reliability of the scale in measuring various dimensions of perfectionism. The BTPS-SF was positively related to depression and self-generated stress while negatively related to resilience, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being. These findings emphasize the relevance of the BTPS-SF in understanding mental health within diverse cultural contexts and contribute to the ongoing discourse on the impact of perfectionism on well-being.