Psychometric validation of the Persian versions of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP): factor structure, reliability, and construct validity in an Iranian community sample
摘要
Phubbing occurs when a smartphone user pays more attention to their phone than available interactants in a setting where sociality is expected. The present study sought to test the psychometric properties of two new phubbing scales (the generic scale of phubbing [GSP] and the generic scale of being phubbed [GSBP]) in a large Iranian sample. Back translation and cognitive interviews were used to translate the GSP and GSBP into Persian. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure for the GSP and a revised four-factor model for the GSBP, in which three conceptually and statistically problematic items were modeled as a separate factor. Both scales demonstrated adequate model fit, high internal consistency, and measurement invariance across gender at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Construct validity was supported through theoretically consistent associations with problematic smartphone and internet use, depressive symptoms, communication apprehension, fear of missing out, and neuroticism. Furthermore, the Persian GSP and GSBP demonstrated convergent validity, suggesting that Smartphone users can both be phubbers and phubbees simultaneously. The current findings provide psychometric evidence for using GSP and GSBP in Persian-speaking populations to study phubbing behavior and the experience of being phubbed.