<p>This study investigated the effects of three different types of resource values (resources with different value preferences, resources with different values, positive resources, and negative resources) on distributive justice behavior in preschool children. Chinese children aged three to five participated in three experimental tasks: the dictator game (<i>N</i> = 120), the resource allocation task (<i>N</i> = 108), and the hypothetical story situation task (<i>N</i> = 136). The results revealed that there were age differences in individual distribution, but no gender differences, and resource value affected children’s distributive justice behavior. Children tended to retain more resources with high value preference, and the impact of resource value on children decreased with age. Children followed the “unfair is bad” rule when it came to distribution, and were unable to balance wasting resources with maintaining fairness. To avoid creating unfairness, they throw away more high-value resources. Children tended to allocate positive resources according to the principle of fairness and negative resources according to the principle of equality. Among children with the same distribution pattern, more choose the principle of equitable distribution than other types. These results highlight the role of resource values in children of different ages.</p>