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<p>Heuristic biases have been extensively studied in various contexts, yet no comprehensive framework has systematically categorized these biases within competitive sports. This scoping review aims to (a) classify the different types of heuristic biases affecting athletes, (b) refine the understanding of how these biases shape athlete behavior, and (c) evaluate existing research on strategies to mitigate heuristic biases in sports settings. A systematic search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus, including only peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between January 1, 1995, and March 26, 2024. The analysis identified 31 relevant studies, which were classified into three primary categories of heuristic bias: mindware gaps, valuation biases, and anchoring and adjustment. These biases were found to negatively influence various performance-related behaviors across both team and individual sports, including offensive actions (e.g., shooting, batting, throwing), defensive maneuvers (e.g., goalkeeping, tackling), organizational decisions (e.g., passing, hit judgment), and career-related choices. Despite the prevalence of heuristic biases in athletic contexts, intervention research remains limited—only one study implemented an experimental intervention, while six studies provided theoretical recommendations. Given the cognitive and situational complexities of competitive sports, future research should explore cultural and contextual variations in heuristic biases and develop evidence-based strategies to enhance decision-making among athletes.</p>

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Moments of intuitive error: a scoping review of heuristic bias in athletes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Hongding Dong,
  • Zhiyi Lin,
  • Dingyue Zhao

摘要

Heuristic biases have been extensively studied in various contexts, yet no comprehensive framework has systematically categorized these biases within competitive sports. This scoping review aims to (a) classify the different types of heuristic biases affecting athletes, (b) refine the understanding of how these biases shape athlete behavior, and (c) evaluate existing research on strategies to mitigate heuristic biases in sports settings. A systematic search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus, including only peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between January 1, 1995, and March 26, 2024. The analysis identified 31 relevant studies, which were classified into three primary categories of heuristic bias: mindware gaps, valuation biases, and anchoring and adjustment. These biases were found to negatively influence various performance-related behaviors across both team and individual sports, including offensive actions (e.g., shooting, batting, throwing), defensive maneuvers (e.g., goalkeeping, tackling), organizational decisions (e.g., passing, hit judgment), and career-related choices. Despite the prevalence of heuristic biases in athletic contexts, intervention research remains limited—only one study implemented an experimental intervention, while six studies provided theoretical recommendations. Given the cognitive and situational complexities of competitive sports, future research should explore cultural and contextual variations in heuristic biases and develop evidence-based strategies to enhance decision-making among athletes.