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<p>The longing for happiness has led the academia and society to increasingly focus on the fragility of happiness beliefs (FOHB) exhibited by individuals in their pursuit of happiness. As a kind of maladaptive cognition, FOHB may be related to individuals’ problematic mobile phone use (PSU). However, the relationship between FOHB and PSU remained unclear, as were the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of this relationship. Therefore, the present study explored the relation between FOHB and PSU, mediated by Fear of Happiness (FOH) and moderated by self-focused attention. 469 Chinese college students completed validated and standardized self-reported questionnaires. Anticipatedly, FOHB was closely related to individuals’ PSU, and this association could be mediated by FOH. Ruminative self-focused attention could amplify the adverse effects of FOHB and FOH on PSU, whereas they were not significant in FOHB on FOH. Our findings advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of FOHB and PSU in the Chinese cultural context. Moreover, these findings could be instructive for guiding college students to shape positive beliefs about happiness, enhance their experience of happiness, and reduce the possibility of developing behavioral adaptation problems.</p>

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Fragility of happiness beliefs, fear of happiness and problematic smartphone use: the moderating role of self-focused attention

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月17日

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  • Xiao-Xuan Cao,
  • Shi-Jie Rao,
  • Shuai-Lei Lian,
  • Yan-Yan Fu,
  • Ya-Qiong Ding,
  • Yan-Hong Zhang,
  • Xiao-Wei Zhu

摘要

The longing for happiness has led the academia and society to increasingly focus on the fragility of happiness beliefs (FOHB) exhibited by individuals in their pursuit of happiness. As a kind of maladaptive cognition, FOHB may be related to individuals’ problematic mobile phone use (PSU). However, the relationship between FOHB and PSU remained unclear, as were the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of this relationship. Therefore, the present study explored the relation between FOHB and PSU, mediated by Fear of Happiness (FOH) and moderated by self-focused attention. 469 Chinese college students completed validated and standardized self-reported questionnaires. Anticipatedly, FOHB was closely related to individuals’ PSU, and this association could be mediated by FOH. Ruminative self-focused attention could amplify the adverse effects of FOHB and FOH on PSU, whereas they were not significant in FOHB on FOH. Our findings advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of FOHB and PSU in the Chinese cultural context. Moreover, these findings could be instructive for guiding college students to shape positive beliefs about happiness, enhance their experience of happiness, and reduce the possibility of developing behavioral adaptation problems.