<p>Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the continuity of depressive symptoms remains an important focus in psychological research. Building on this premise, the present study sought to longitudinally examine the serial mediating effects of rejection sensitivity and aggression on the progression of depressive symptoms. Drawing on a sample of 396 adults, we investigated whether the pathways from baseline depressive symptoms to depressive symptoms at 10-week follow-up would be serially mediated by anxious rejection sensitivity/angry rejection sensitivity (mediator 1) and aggression (mediator 2). Our analyses revealed that anxious rejection sensitivity and aggression serve as serial mediators in the pathway from baseline depressive symptoms to subsequent depressive symptoms. Conversely, the pathway involving angry rejection sensitivity and aggression did not exhibit a similar mediation effect. These findings underscore the roles that anxious rejection sensitivity and aggression may play in the cycle of depression. The present study contributes to the literature by providing initial empirical support for a longitudinal serial mediation model of rejection sensitivity and aggression in the context of depressive symptoms in Asian adults, and suggests that targeting both anxious rejection sensitivity (a cognitive-affective dimension) and aggression (a behavioral dimension) may enhance the effectiveness of strategies aimed at preventing and treating depressive symptoms. Clinical and cultural implications are discussed.</p>