<p>This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotional (positive and negative) and affective (stable and unstable, as well as internalizing and externalizing) temperament traits in the relationship between childhood trauma and schema modes (maladaptive child, parent, and coping modes, as well as healthy patterns). A sample of 633 participants (69% female, average age 30.2 years) completed standardized assessments, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS), and the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI). The mediation analyses revealed that temperament traits significantly mediate the relationship between childhood traumas (specifically emotional and sexual types) and schema modes. However, temperament traits did not mediate the relationship between childhood physical trauma and schema modes. Total effects models indicated that childhood emotional trauma is a significant predictor of both maladaptive and adaptive healthy modes (<i>β</i> from − 0.05 to 0.03). In contrast, physical and sexual traumas predict only maladaptive modes (<i>β</i> from 0.03 to 0.05). Overall, the predictors and mediators explained approximately 30 to 44% of the variance in the criterion variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering emotional and affective temperament traits when planning and implementing therapeutic interventions for individuals affected by childhood trauma.</p>