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<p>The looming vulnerability model of anxiety suggests that anxiety arises from a cognitive bias known as the looming cognitive style. This research explored the relationship between this bias, measured by the Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ-R), and anxiety across both general (<i>n</i> = 315) and clinical (<i>n</i> = 100) samples. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a reliable two-factor higher-order structure for the LMSQ-R. Structural equation modeling showed that while the LMSQ-R significantly predicted anxiety symptoms, this relationship became non-significant when neuroticism was controlled. In the clinical sample, the LMSQ-R initially predicted anxiety, but its effect diminished after accounting for anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty. These findings suggest that the LMSQ-R is a psychometrically sound and reliable measure of looming cognitive style, and its predictive power for anxiety should be considered alongside other psychological traits.</p>

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Psychometric properties and specificity to anxiety of the looming maladaptive style questionnaire (LMSQ-R): evidence from general and clinical Romanian samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Camelia Maria Dindelegan,
  • Darian Faur

摘要

The looming vulnerability model of anxiety suggests that anxiety arises from a cognitive bias known as the looming cognitive style. This research explored the relationship between this bias, measured by the Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ-R), and anxiety across both general (n = 315) and clinical (n = 100) samples. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a reliable two-factor higher-order structure for the LMSQ-R. Structural equation modeling showed that while the LMSQ-R significantly predicted anxiety symptoms, this relationship became non-significant when neuroticism was controlled. In the clinical sample, the LMSQ-R initially predicted anxiety, but its effect diminished after accounting for anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty. These findings suggest that the LMSQ-R is a psychometrically sound and reliable measure of looming cognitive style, and its predictive power for anxiety should be considered alongside other psychological traits.