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<p>Anxiety is a prevalent issue among higher education students, adversely affecting academic performance, mental health, and overall quality of life. It often stems from academic pressures such as exams, presentations, and evaluations. While cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques are widely implemented, music-based interventions may offer a more accessible and cost-effective alternative. However, previous studies have utilized varying music-listening modalities and heterogeneous control conditions, complicating synthesis. This study aimed to assess the comparative efficacy of different music-listening modalities for reducing anxiety in university students through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO 2024: CRD42024511928). A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane, identified nine RCTs that met the inclusion criteria for evaluating music-based interventions aimed at alleviating anxiety in college students. Network estimates indicated that, compared to no intervention, combined aromatherapy and music-listening had the highest efficacy in reducing state anxiety (SMD: -0.77; 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.22) and test anxiety (SMD: -1.45; 95% CI: -2.46 to -0.44), ranking as the most effective treatment in both outcomes. Music-listening alone was also effective, significantly reducing state anxiety (SMD: -0.77; 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.22) and test anxiety (SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.18) compared to no intervention, ranking as the second most effective modality based on the network meta-analysis. In contrast, the active music-playing did not significantly reduce state anxiety and has not yet been evaluated for test anxiety in the included studies. These findings indicate that music listening, particularly when paired with aromatherapy, may serve as an effective strategy for anxiety reduction in higher education settings. Further robust RCTs are warranted to confirm these findings and address current gaps in the literature.</p>

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Efficacy of music listening in alleviating anxiety among college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Supra Wimbarti,
  • Trina Ekawati Tallei,
  • Derren David Christian Homenta Rampengan,
  • Samuel Partogi Nababan,
  • Jade Audrey Catherine Homenta Rampengan,
  • Kevin Christian Tjandra,
  • Felicia Angelica Gunawan

摘要

Anxiety is a prevalent issue among higher education students, adversely affecting academic performance, mental health, and overall quality of life. It often stems from academic pressures such as exams, presentations, and evaluations. While cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques are widely implemented, music-based interventions may offer a more accessible and cost-effective alternative. However, previous studies have utilized varying music-listening modalities and heterogeneous control conditions, complicating synthesis. This study aimed to assess the comparative efficacy of different music-listening modalities for reducing anxiety in university students through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO 2024: CRD42024511928). A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane, identified nine RCTs that met the inclusion criteria for evaluating music-based interventions aimed at alleviating anxiety in college students. Network estimates indicated that, compared to no intervention, combined aromatherapy and music-listening had the highest efficacy in reducing state anxiety (SMD: -0.77; 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.22) and test anxiety (SMD: -1.45; 95% CI: -2.46 to -0.44), ranking as the most effective treatment in both outcomes. Music-listening alone was also effective, significantly reducing state anxiety (SMD: -0.77; 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.22) and test anxiety (SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.18) compared to no intervention, ranking as the second most effective modality based on the network meta-analysis. In contrast, the active music-playing did not significantly reduce state anxiety and has not yet been evaluated for test anxiety in the included studies. These findings indicate that music listening, particularly when paired with aromatherapy, may serve as an effective strategy for anxiety reduction in higher education settings. Further robust RCTs are warranted to confirm these findings and address current gaps in the literature.