<p>Previous research has often examined adolescent personality traits in isolation, overlooking their interrelations and system-level structure. This study investigated a set of traits related to adolescents’ interpersonal and social adjustment using person-centered and network approaches to explore personality system heterogeneity and gender differences. Based on 839 Chinese adolescents (37.5% were boys), latent profile analysis identified two distinct personality subtypes: a grateful and trustworthy subtype (characterized by high gratitude and belief in a just world, and low Dark Triad), and an antagonistic subtype (characterized by the opposite pattern). The two subtypes did not differ significantly in forgiveness and self-esteem. boys were more likely to be classified into the antagonistic subtype, whereas girls were more likely to belong to the grateful and trustworthy subtype. Network analysis revealed that forgiveness functioned as a central node in both the overall and gender-specific networks, showing widespread positive associations with other traits. Although the overall network structure did not significantly differ between boys and girls, gender-specific patterns emerged in the connections between certain traits: the link between Machiavellianism and psychopathy was stronger in the boys’ network, whereas the association between gratitude and belief in a just world was stronger in the girls’ network. This study identified latent profiles of adolescent personality from a systems perspective and highlighted their gender-specific patterns, offering new insights into the developmental dynamics of personality.</p>