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<p>With the increasing trend of aging, older adults are more likely to experience depression due to multiple pressures such as the gradual decline in physical functioning, shifts in social roles, and changes in interpersonal relationships, resulting in impaired mental health and poor quality of life. This study included middle-aged and older adults aged 45 to 108 years, with a total sample size of 19,351 participants, comprising 53.1% women and 46.9% men. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Depression short scale (CES-D-10) was used to assess the depression status of older adults, and the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE) was used to evaluate their cognitive performance. Common method bias tests were conducted using the Harman one-way method. Linear regression was employed to test for multicollinearity between variables, and bivariate correlation analyses were performed to assess the correlation between variables. SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS 4.1 plug-ins were used to test for mediating effects, and AMOS 27 was used to construct the mediation model. In the three models of vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), and light-intensity physical activity (LPA), each type of physical activity was significantly associated with depression, and the direct path (VPA/MPA/LPA to depression) showed a significant effect. Cognitive performance had a significant mediating effect between participation in VPA and depression, with an indirect pathway effect value of 0.058 [LLCL = 0.030, ULCL = 0.086]. Cognitive performance also had a significant mediating effect between participation in MPA and depression, with an indirect pathway effect value of 0.278 [LLCL = 0.240, ULCL = 0.317]. Similarly, cognitive performance had a significant mediating effect between participation in LPA and depression, with an indirect pathway effect value of 0.288 [LLCL = 0.247, ULCL = 0.332]. Physical activity of any intensity positively affects depression, and cognition can serve as a mediating target for physical activity in the treatment of depression. Improving cognitive performance through participation in physical activity can prevent or alleviate depression in older adults. Among the different intensities, MPA is the most appropriate for older adults to engage in.</p>

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Effects of participation in physical activities of varying intensities on depression in older adults: the mediating role of cognitive performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Lei Jin,
  • Feiyue Jing

摘要

With the increasing trend of aging, older adults are more likely to experience depression due to multiple pressures such as the gradual decline in physical functioning, shifts in social roles, and changes in interpersonal relationships, resulting in impaired mental health and poor quality of life. This study included middle-aged and older adults aged 45 to 108 years, with a total sample size of 19,351 participants, comprising 53.1% women and 46.9% men. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Depression short scale (CES-D-10) was used to assess the depression status of older adults, and the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE) was used to evaluate their cognitive performance. Common method bias tests were conducted using the Harman one-way method. Linear regression was employed to test for multicollinearity between variables, and bivariate correlation analyses were performed to assess the correlation between variables. SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS 4.1 plug-ins were used to test for mediating effects, and AMOS 27 was used to construct the mediation model. In the three models of vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), and light-intensity physical activity (LPA), each type of physical activity was significantly associated with depression, and the direct path (VPA/MPA/LPA to depression) showed a significant effect. Cognitive performance had a significant mediating effect between participation in VPA and depression, with an indirect pathway effect value of 0.058 [LLCL = 0.030, ULCL = 0.086]. Cognitive performance also had a significant mediating effect between participation in MPA and depression, with an indirect pathway effect value of 0.278 [LLCL = 0.240, ULCL = 0.317]. Similarly, cognitive performance had a significant mediating effect between participation in LPA and depression, with an indirect pathway effect value of 0.288 [LLCL = 0.247, ULCL = 0.332]. Physical activity of any intensity positively affects depression, and cognition can serve as a mediating target for physical activity in the treatment of depression. Improving cognitive performance through participation in physical activity can prevent or alleviate depression in older adults. Among the different intensities, MPA is the most appropriate for older adults to engage in.