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<p>In-vehicle agents (IVAs) have been applied to intelligent vehicles to enhance driver experience in human-vehicle interaction (HVI). Anthropomorphic virtual agents are currently the mainstream in vehicles. However, it remains unclear how the anthropomorphic appearances of virtual agents affect the driver experiences in the HVI context. This research divides the anthropomorphism of virtual IVA appearances into two dimensions: head-to-body ratio and morphological completeness. We investigate their impacts on the driver experiences through two online surveys in a Chinese driver sample (<i>n</i> = 257) regarding Pleasure, Fear, Trust, Comprehensibility, and Acceptance. Results indicate that virtual IVA appearances with a medium head-to-body ratio and high morphological completeness provided better experiences in the five dimensions. Based on these findings, a driver visual preference map and four design suggestions are proposed for virtual in-vehicle agent anthropomorphic design. This work enhances understanding of the driver experiences caused by anthropomorphic appearance and supports future anthropomorphic design.</p>

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Better to be more Human-like? Investigating the impact on driver experiences for anthropomorphic appearances of virtual in-vehicle agent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月5日

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  • Yujia Liu,
  • Huijun Deng,
  • Fang You,
  • Zhixing Guo,
  • Jianmin Wang

摘要

In-vehicle agents (IVAs) have been applied to intelligent vehicles to enhance driver experience in human-vehicle interaction (HVI). Anthropomorphic virtual agents are currently the mainstream in vehicles. However, it remains unclear how the anthropomorphic appearances of virtual agents affect the driver experiences in the HVI context. This research divides the anthropomorphism of virtual IVA appearances into two dimensions: head-to-body ratio and morphological completeness. We investigate their impacts on the driver experiences through two online surveys in a Chinese driver sample (n = 257) regarding Pleasure, Fear, Trust, Comprehensibility, and Acceptance. Results indicate that virtual IVA appearances with a medium head-to-body ratio and high morphological completeness provided better experiences in the five dimensions. Based on these findings, a driver visual preference map and four design suggestions are proposed for virtual in-vehicle agent anthropomorphic design. This work enhances understanding of the driver experiences caused by anthropomorphic appearance and supports future anthropomorphic design.