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<p>Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) are serious conditions that involve an individual’s concerns with their appearance. Understanding the latent structure of both disorders has important theoretical and practical implications, including for classification purposes, research, defining etiology, developing assessment tools, and refining intervention strategies. In our study we tested the latent structure of BDD and MD via taxometric analysis, using multiple item indicators and various base rate estimates ranging from 2.5 to 13% for BDD and 1–13% for MD. Notably, this study is the first to investigate the latent structure of MD. We collected data from a sample of 579 participants from community aged between 18 and 70 (M = 32.32; SD = 10.39). Our results suggest a dimensional structure for both BDD (mean CCFI = 0.33) and MD (mean CCFI = 0.38), contrasting with a previous study that found an ambiguous structure for BDD. However, we utilized multiple-item indicators which is considered preferable to single-item indicators and may provide a more representative understanding of the true latent structure of BDD. Some limitations of our study should be noted, such as the predominantly female sample and the absence of a reliable prevalence estimate for MD in the literature to guide our base rate. However, our findings suggest that these conditions consist of a continuum of concern about aspects of one’s appearance (BDD) or muscularity (MD), with pathology located at the extreme end of this continuum.</p>

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Taxometric evidence for the dimensional structure of body dysmorphic disorder and muscle dysmorphia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Rafael Moreton Alves da Rocha,
  • Nelson Hauck Filho

摘要

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) are serious conditions that involve an individual’s concerns with their appearance. Understanding the latent structure of both disorders has important theoretical and practical implications, including for classification purposes, research, defining etiology, developing assessment tools, and refining intervention strategies. In our study we tested the latent structure of BDD and MD via taxometric analysis, using multiple item indicators and various base rate estimates ranging from 2.5 to 13% for BDD and 1–13% for MD. Notably, this study is the first to investigate the latent structure of MD. We collected data from a sample of 579 participants from community aged between 18 and 70 (M = 32.32; SD = 10.39). Our results suggest a dimensional structure for both BDD (mean CCFI = 0.33) and MD (mean CCFI = 0.38), contrasting with a previous study that found an ambiguous structure for BDD. However, we utilized multiple-item indicators which is considered preferable to single-item indicators and may provide a more representative understanding of the true latent structure of BDD. Some limitations of our study should be noted, such as the predominantly female sample and the absence of a reliable prevalence estimate for MD in the literature to guide our base rate. However, our findings suggest that these conditions consist of a continuum of concern about aspects of one’s appearance (BDD) or muscularity (MD), with pathology located at the extreme end of this continuum.