<p>This study investigates the impact of digital transformation on employees' mental workload within the industrial sector in Tunisia. Using a quantitative approach and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS), we analyze the relationships between digital transformation and five key aspects of mental workload: mental demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. Our findings reveal that digital transformation significantly influences each of these aspects, with strong coefficients indicating considerable effects. Specifically, digital transformation is shown to increase mental and temporal demands, reduce performance, and elevate effort and frustration levels. These results underscore the need for organizations to strategically manage digital transformation initiatives to mitigate their adverse effects on employees. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of technological stress and provides actionable insights for managers to enhance employee well-being and performance amidst technological changes.</p>