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<p>EFA solutions have been proposed to represent the factor structures of empathy based on Interpersonal Reactivity Index in recent literature, yet the measure instrument IRI has a clear theory of empathy, if it is extended to Chinese cultural background for analysis, ESEM is a more advantageous analysis method. The primary aim of this study was to examine the factor structures of the Chinese version of the IRI, an empathy measurement instrument. Data from 1053 Chinese college students (males: 531; 50.43%) were used to examine and compare four ESEM factor models—two-factor and four-factor ESEM models, and bifactor ESEM models with two and four specific factors. The results indicated that, for each type of ESEM model (standard ESEM and bifactor ESEM), the four-factor models displayed better fit than the two-factor models. Specifically, the bifactor ESEM model with four first-order factors best represented the Empathy factor structure in our sample. Additionally, measurement invariance testing results demonstrated that measurement invariance was established across gender groups.</p>

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Evidence for a Bifactor-ESEM structure of empathy in a sample of Chinese college students based on Chinese version of interpersonal reactivity index

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月22日

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  • Ying Zhang

摘要

EFA solutions have been proposed to represent the factor structures of empathy based on Interpersonal Reactivity Index in recent literature, yet the measure instrument IRI has a clear theory of empathy, if it is extended to Chinese cultural background for analysis, ESEM is a more advantageous analysis method. The primary aim of this study was to examine the factor structures of the Chinese version of the IRI, an empathy measurement instrument. Data from 1053 Chinese college students (males: 531; 50.43%) were used to examine and compare four ESEM factor models—two-factor and four-factor ESEM models, and bifactor ESEM models with two and four specific factors. The results indicated that, for each type of ESEM model (standard ESEM and bifactor ESEM), the four-factor models displayed better fit than the two-factor models. Specifically, the bifactor ESEM model with four first-order factors best represented the Empathy factor structure in our sample. Additionally, measurement invariance testing results demonstrated that measurement invariance was established across gender groups.