<p>This paper outlines the initial steps toward developing a measure of reproductive identity (RI) in women with and without difficulty conceiving. Two separate instruments are proposed. The first instrument is the Reproductive Identity Questionnaire (RIQ), designed to assess RI in both groups of women. The items in the RIQ are based on existing descriptions of the RI concept. The second instrument, the Reproductive Identity Questionnaire – Infertility module (RIQ-Inf), was developed from a qualitative study that explored the RI of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The aim of the two questionnaires is to capture both common and specific aspects of RI in the two groups of women. The initial set of items was refined through expert evaluations to ensure they adequately represented the construct of reproductive identity. The sample of women without difficulty conceiving consists of 370 women, aged <i>M</i> = 36.25 (<i>SD</i> = 6). The sample of women with difficulty conceiving consists of 197, aged <i>M</i> = 37.73 (<i>SD</i> = 5.13). To analyze the factor structure of both the RIQ and RIQ-Inf, Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) was used. Three factors shared by both groups of women (RIQ factors) are Long-standing desire for motherhood, Fluidity of reproductive identity, and Identity and purpose. The factor of RIQ found only in women without difficulty conceiving is Negative questioning (of reproductive predilections). Two factors were specific to RIQ-Inf, namely, Reproductive identity crisis and Personal growth/Change. The overall relationships of both sets of items with other psychological variables were examined. These included variables related to mature identity commitments, psychological issues specific to infertility, and psychosocial adjustment.</p>