Psychometric validation of Indian adaptation of the San-Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE-28)

Despite a decade of empirical exploration of wisdom in India, local researchers predominantly rely on wisdom measures developed in foreign languages, overlooking the need for local adaptation. Adapting existing scales is a recommended approach to address the need for appropriate measures efficiently. The San-Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE-28), a prominent tool recently established through expert consensus, literature review, and latent variable psychometric method, was adapted into Hindi. SD-WISE-28 was translated into Hindi using the backward method. Factor structure was examined in a sample of 241 participants using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Then, in a separate sample of 608 participants, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to verify the measurement model. The reliability of Hindi SW-WISE-28 scores were evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability. The validity of translated scale was examined via convergent and concurrent validity. The Hindi version of SD-WISE-28 retains the seven-factor wisdom model of the original SD-WISE-28, demonstrating excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, along with acceptable convergent and substantial concurrent validity when compared to the 3D-Wisdom scale and Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale.