<p>This study examines how compliance of Japanese universities frequently operates as a façade without effective mechanisms for protecting individuals’ rights, by applying Edelman’s theory of symbolic compliance. Referring to actual instances of sex-based harassment, we analyse how the institutional responses of Japanese universities—such as disregarding the need for remedies, employing double standards, and offering superficial gestures—coupled with low levels of litigation and the stagnant evolution of laws, demonstrate superficial adherence to norms and standards. Through this analysis, we propose a novel type of symbolic compliance, distinguishing between <i>compliance as a state of affairs</i> and <i>compliance as an attitude</i>. Focusing on the latter, we identify what we term ‘<i>hollow</i> symbolic compliance’: an eagerness to be regarded as compliant, regardless of actual adherence to regulations or even the existence of relevant laws. Ultimately, we demonstrate how hollow compliance contributes to perpetuation of harassment.</p>