<p>The Syrian crisis, which began in 2011 and lasted nearly 14&#xa0;years until the fall of the Assad regime in late 2024, has resulted in significant mental health and psychosocial challenges for displaced children and adolescents, prompting the development of diverse intervention programs across humanitarian and resettlement contexts. This article reports a critical review that synthesizes the evidence on psychosocial and mental health interventions for Syrian refugee youth who settled in adjacent Middle Eastern countries and North America in the early years of the Syrian crisis. Our review is guided by three research questions: (1) What mental health and psychosocial concerns have been targeted in exiting interventions programs? (2) What approaches, mechanisms of change, delivery modalities, and evidence of effectiveness have been reported? and (3) What key limitations and critical gaps can be identified in the reported intervention programs? This critical narrative review synthesizes 16 peer-reviewed articles. The reported interventions predominantly targeted internalizing symptoms and behavioral difficulties, with comparatively few focused on promoting positive developmental outcomes such as resilience and long-term wellbeing. Using Bosqui and Marshoud’s (2018) framework of mechanisms of change in conflict-affected youth, we found interventions primarily employed Tier 3 mechanisms (focused non-specialist support) including stress management, psychoeducation, and problem-solving, followed by Tier 2 mechanisms (strengthening family and community support). Although 14 studies reported some effectiveness, particularly for internalizing symptoms, several limitations in delivery and research methodology were noted. The review identifies key directions for culturally responsive program development and improved evaluation.</p>