<p>This paper critically examines how urban planning influences food security in the rapidly urbanizing landscapes of Africa, focusing on Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. These countries, with their distinct urban challenges and developmental contexts, provide a comparative framework for understanding the pivotal role of urban planning in addressing urban food security issues. The paper presents several core aspects of urban food systems: the integration of urban agriculture, the effectiveness of food distribution networks, the impact of spatial inequalities on food access, and the potential of collaborative governance to sustain urban food systems. The analysis reveals that despite varying degrees of urban infrastructure and economic conditions, commonalities exist in the challenges faced. Key findings suggest that proactive, innovative urban planning, tailored to the specific socio-economic contexts of each country, can significantly enhance food security. Strategic recommendations are proposed, advocating for comprehensive urban planning reforms that prioritise food system resilience, equitable land use, and infrastructural investment. This study contributes to studies on sustainable urban development by demonstrating how integrated urban planning and targeted policy interventions can significantly enhance the resilience and equity of urban food systems.</p>