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<p>This study explores the relationship between identification with “other gender(s)” and recalled childhood gender non-conformity (CGN) as moderated or mediated by the socialisation of gender role and expression among young adults in China. We recruited 451 young adults between the ages of 18 and 30 (mean = 24.56, SD = 3.48) to participate in an online questionnaire. Among respondents, 66 (14.6%) identified with “other gender(s).” Results showed that identification with “other gender(s)” was positively correlated with CGN after controlling for educational level, age, monthly income, sex at birth, and sexual orientation identity. The socialisation of gender expression indirectly and negatively mediated the relationship between identification with “other gender(s)” and CGN, while the socialisation of gender role negatively moderated this relationship. Our study was one of the first explorations of gender diversity and non-conformity among Chinese young adults from a socio-cultural perspective, this study elucidates the distinct indirect influence of the socialisation of gender role and expression on “other gender(s)” identity. The findings of this study underscore the need for researchers to adopt diverse gender perspectives and heighten their awareness of gender diversity.</p>

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Gender Diversity in Chinese Young Adults: A Moderated Mediation Model on Other Gender(s) Identity and Childhood Gender Non-conformity Involving Gender Socialisation of Expression and Role

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Hengyu Yang,
  • Ling Li,
  • Yuan Ji,
  • Pekka Olavi Santtila

摘要

This study explores the relationship between identification with “other gender(s)” and recalled childhood gender non-conformity (CGN) as moderated or mediated by the socialisation of gender role and expression among young adults in China. We recruited 451 young adults between the ages of 18 and 30 (mean = 24.56, SD = 3.48) to participate in an online questionnaire. Among respondents, 66 (14.6%) identified with “other gender(s).” Results showed that identification with “other gender(s)” was positively correlated with CGN after controlling for educational level, age, monthly income, sex at birth, and sexual orientation identity. The socialisation of gender expression indirectly and negatively mediated the relationship between identification with “other gender(s)” and CGN, while the socialisation of gender role negatively moderated this relationship. Our study was one of the first explorations of gender diversity and non-conformity among Chinese young adults from a socio-cultural perspective, this study elucidates the distinct indirect influence of the socialisation of gender role and expression on “other gender(s)” identity. The findings of this study underscore the need for researchers to adopt diverse gender perspectives and heighten their awareness of gender diversity.