Understanding Violence Faced by the Sexual and Gender Minority Population in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Phenomenological Study
摘要
Globally, sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations endure pervasive violence and discrimination throughout their lives. However, in Bangladesh, like many other low- and middle-income countries, there exists a notable gap in research regarding the specific forms and patterns of violence experienced by SGM populations. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological design to capture the lived experiences of violence among SGM individuals. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 SGM individuals. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the key types and contexts of violence. Findings revealed that SGM people are often neglected by their families, bullied by their peers and teachers at school, and rejected by healthcare providers due to their identity. Notably, sexual violence exhibits distinct typologies, with Preconscious sexual violence and verbal sexual abuse emerging as common forms, particularly during the victim’s early childhood when awareness of sexuality is absent. The perpetrators of violence encompass a broad spectrum, ranging from immediate family members and friends to intimate partners and law enforcement personnel. These findings highlight the urgent need for policy and social action. Specifically, the introduction of a comprehensive anti-discrimination law is crucial to protect the rights of SGM individuals. Nationwide public education campaigns should be implemented to promote understanding and respect for the SGM population. Such initiatives are critical for reducing stigma and fostering a more inclusive society in Bangladesh.