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<p>Sexuality held a central place in ancient Egyptian society, shaping religious beliefs, medical practices, and social norms. Evidence from art, mythological narratives, and early medical papyri reflects a nuanced and complex understanding of sexual behavior and its cultural significance. This study aims to explore how sex was perceived, practiced, and symbolized in ancient Egypt. It examines the intersection of sexuality with religion, gender roles, and healthcare, while also investigating early sexual ethics and practices. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented by a manual search of Google Scholar. The search spanned sources published until 2024. Studies were included if they examined sexuality in ancient Egyptian texts, artifacts, or cultural practices, and were published in English. All search results were imported into the Rayyan reference manager, screened according to predefined inclusion criteria, and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist appropriate to each study design. JBI levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were used to evaluate and synthesize the findings. Analysis revealed that ancient Egyptians viewed sexuality as integral to cosmic balance and social order. The Papyrus Ebers and Papyrus Kahun documented early fertility treatments, vaginal pessaries for contraception, and sexual health interventions. The Turin Erotic Papyrus offered visual depictions of diverse sexual acts, highlighting attitudes of eroticism, humor, and freedom of expression. Symbolic associations between sexuality and deities such as Hathor, Isis, and Min reinforced its sacred role. Gendered norms acknowledged both male and female sexual agency, though patriarchal structures influenced expectations of conduct. Sexuality in ancient Egypt was multifaceted, blending the spiritual, practical, and pleasurable. Far from being repressive or taboo, Egyptian sexual culture embraced fertility, pleasure, and health as vital aspects of life. This study challenges modern assumptions about ancient societies and presents ancient Egypt as a civilization with progressive and symbolic attitudes toward sex and gender. </p>

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Sexology in Ancient Egypt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Ghada Farouk Mohammed,
  • Lina Mohammed Atef,
  • Yasser Salem N. Saleh

摘要

Sexuality held a central place in ancient Egyptian society, shaping religious beliefs, medical practices, and social norms. Evidence from art, mythological narratives, and early medical papyri reflects a nuanced and complex understanding of sexual behavior and its cultural significance. This study aims to explore how sex was perceived, practiced, and symbolized in ancient Egypt. It examines the intersection of sexuality with religion, gender roles, and healthcare, while also investigating early sexual ethics and practices. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented by a manual search of Google Scholar. The search spanned sources published until 2024. Studies were included if they examined sexuality in ancient Egyptian texts, artifacts, or cultural practices, and were published in English. All search results were imported into the Rayyan reference manager, screened according to predefined inclusion criteria, and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist appropriate to each study design. JBI levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were used to evaluate and synthesize the findings. Analysis revealed that ancient Egyptians viewed sexuality as integral to cosmic balance and social order. The Papyrus Ebers and Papyrus Kahun documented early fertility treatments, vaginal pessaries for contraception, and sexual health interventions. The Turin Erotic Papyrus offered visual depictions of diverse sexual acts, highlighting attitudes of eroticism, humor, and freedom of expression. Symbolic associations between sexuality and deities such as Hathor, Isis, and Min reinforced its sacred role. Gendered norms acknowledged both male and female sexual agency, though patriarchal structures influenced expectations of conduct. Sexuality in ancient Egypt was multifaceted, blending the spiritual, practical, and pleasurable. Far from being repressive or taboo, Egyptian sexual culture embraced fertility, pleasure, and health as vital aspects of life. This study challenges modern assumptions about ancient societies and presents ancient Egypt as a civilization with progressive and symbolic attitudes toward sex and gender.