<p>The present study intends to comprehensively examine the existing literature that explores the link between the devadasi system and child sexual slavery. This study delivers the first systematic literature review, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, focusing on the devadasi abuse under the guise of sacred obligations and traditions. A structured literature review protocol has been adopted to meet the paper’s objectives. For this study, Scopus, the scientific research database, was used as the literature database. The search strategy focused on the impact of religious institutions and the challenges faced by the young girls pushed into the devadasi system. Four stages of systematic review were followed in this review. In this study, we examined scholarly articles related to devadasi literature, highlighting various themes and demonstrating how socio-cultural traditions have served as a means for exploitation and child sexual abuse. Through a detailed analysis of <i>N</i> = <i>31</i> papers, we map the current research landscape on child sexual abuse and its relationship with the socio-cultural institutions. Three themes emerged from this study: (1) experiences of devadasis, (2) attitudes towards child prostitution and sexual slavery, and (3) policies proposed to mitigate their socio-cultural, economic, political, and legal positioning. Recognizing and understanding these perspectives is a prerequisite for examining and interrogating the revered Devadasi tradition and the circumstances of religious practice. The paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of the devadasi tradition and the plight of devadasis, which has deteriorated under the guise of culture and tradition.</p>