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<p>The aim of this exploratory study is to better understand diversity in offline and online offending behaviors of financially motivated cybercriminals. This is an important issue considering that different forms of crime are increasingly interwoven in a digitized society. A qualitative analysis of 15 Dutch police investigations into cybercriminal networks revealed that criminal histories varied between offenders. Some transitioned from street crimes to financial cybercrimes and can be characterized as cafeteria-style offenders, driven by opportunism and perceived profits. These offenders appear to seize new opportunities provided by technology to steal money from victims. Other examples include individuals who were involved in online fraud without any known criminal history of offline crime, often representing younger offenders, including minors. Online consumer fraud, in particular, can be a stepping stone toward more serious cybercrimes with greater financial rewards. This progression within the world of cybercrime sometimes involves increased sophistication in modus operandi. It is essential that future research adopts longitudinal designs to track the activities of cybercrime offenders over time and to identify specific offending trajectories within their criminal careers.</p>

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From the street to the internet? Exploring hybrid offending among financially motivated cybercriminals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Luuk Bekkers,
  • Rutger Leukfeldt

摘要

The aim of this exploratory study is to better understand diversity in offline and online offending behaviors of financially motivated cybercriminals. This is an important issue considering that different forms of crime are increasingly interwoven in a digitized society. A qualitative analysis of 15 Dutch police investigations into cybercriminal networks revealed that criminal histories varied between offenders. Some transitioned from street crimes to financial cybercrimes and can be characterized as cafeteria-style offenders, driven by opportunism and perceived profits. These offenders appear to seize new opportunities provided by technology to steal money from victims. Other examples include individuals who were involved in online fraud without any known criminal history of offline crime, often representing younger offenders, including minors. Online consumer fraud, in particular, can be a stepping stone toward more serious cybercrimes with greater financial rewards. This progression within the world of cybercrime sometimes involves increased sophistication in modus operandi. It is essential that future research adopts longitudinal designs to track the activities of cybercrime offenders over time and to identify specific offending trajectories within their criminal careers.