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<p>The Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) manifests pronounced morphological and orientational divergences across the Global North and South. Existing interpretative frameworks, whether teleological or contextualist, not only fail to reconcile the theoretical tensions inherent in these divergences but also lack a unified analytical instrument for cross-contextual comparison. Revisiting Marx’s theory of the mode of production, which reveals that any social formation is a complex constituted by the contradictory coexistence of multiple modes of production, offers a novel epistemological pathway for comprehending the intricate genesis of SSE. Accordingly, the nature and significance of SSE reside in analyzing its dynamic contradictory relationship with the “dominant mode of production” in the society it inhabits. By constructing an analytical framework focused on the nature of the dominant contradiction, relations of appropriation of the means of production, and norms of labor exchange, this study conducts a comparative analysis of a Dalit women’s artisanal cooperative in India and a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) initiative in urban Europe. The findings demonstrate that the Southern practice manifests as “chimeric survival” under the compounded pressures of pre-capitalist survivals and peripheral capitalist marginalization, wherein collective action carries a dual connotation of resistance encompassing both economic autonomy and social dignity. The Northern practice, in contrast, embodies a “systemic repudiation” in response to the crisis of alienation inherent in post-industrial capitalism, pointing toward a creative prefiguration of decommodified and directly democratic social relations. These differences are rooted in the distinct contradictory structures of the dominant modes of production and the divergent historical positions of class subjects in each context. The transformative potential and limits of SSE, therefore, must be dynamically assessed within the concrete structural contradictions of its encompassing social formation.</p>

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Pre-capitalist Remnants and Post-capitalist Buds? A North-South Comparative Study of the Social and Solidarity Economy Based on the Theory of Modes of Production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Zisi Yang,
  • Ying Yang

摘要

The Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) manifests pronounced morphological and orientational divergences across the Global North and South. Existing interpretative frameworks, whether teleological or contextualist, not only fail to reconcile the theoretical tensions inherent in these divergences but also lack a unified analytical instrument for cross-contextual comparison. Revisiting Marx’s theory of the mode of production, which reveals that any social formation is a complex constituted by the contradictory coexistence of multiple modes of production, offers a novel epistemological pathway for comprehending the intricate genesis of SSE. Accordingly, the nature and significance of SSE reside in analyzing its dynamic contradictory relationship with the “dominant mode of production” in the society it inhabits. By constructing an analytical framework focused on the nature of the dominant contradiction, relations of appropriation of the means of production, and norms of labor exchange, this study conducts a comparative analysis of a Dalit women’s artisanal cooperative in India and a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) initiative in urban Europe. The findings demonstrate that the Southern practice manifests as “chimeric survival” under the compounded pressures of pre-capitalist survivals and peripheral capitalist marginalization, wherein collective action carries a dual connotation of resistance encompassing both economic autonomy and social dignity. The Northern practice, in contrast, embodies a “systemic repudiation” in response to the crisis of alienation inherent in post-industrial capitalism, pointing toward a creative prefiguration of decommodified and directly democratic social relations. These differences are rooted in the distinct contradictory structures of the dominant modes of production and the divergent historical positions of class subjects in each context. The transformative potential and limits of SSE, therefore, must be dynamically assessed within the concrete structural contradictions of its encompassing social formation.